In January 2025, former President Donald Trump issued an executive order that authorizes the deportation of international students who participate in protests labeled as anti-Israel. The directive tasks federal agencies with identifying and potentially revoking the visas of foreign students involved in demonstrations that are interpreted as showing support for groups such as Hamas, which the U.S. government officially designated a terrorist organization in 1997.

Supporters of the order argue it is a necessary step to combat rising anti-Semitism and to uphold national security. They view the policy as a firm response to foreign nationals engaging in political activities that could be linked to extremist ideologies. On the other hand, critics warn the move sets a dangerous precedent by conflating political expression with terrorism. They believe it could stifle free speech, punish peaceful dissent, and subject international students to disproportionate scrutiny or retaliation based on vague criteria.

The order has ignited intense public debate, highlighting deep divisions over national security, free expression, and the limits of political protest in the U.S.